♥What is Morphology?♥
Morphology is the study of the form and structure of words.
According to All About Linguistics, "The term morphology is Greek and is a makeup of morph- meaning 'shape, form', and -ology which means 'the study of something'"(Gray). Put simply, morphology is the scientific study of forms and structure of words in a language. This is closely connected with some other linguistic topics, for example, syntax, phonetics and so on. There are three main studies in morphology, inflection, derivative and compound. Today, morphology forms a core part of linguistics.
♥Inflection♥
The end of a word often changes to show some information.
This is called “inflection”. According to Mark and Kirsten, “Inflection involves the formation of grammatical forms- past, present, future; singular, plural; masculine, feminine, neuter; and so on – of a single lexeme” (45). Regular verb lexemes in English have four forms, a bare form and three inflected forms with the suffixes –s, -ed, -ing (e.g., select, selects, selected, and selecting). This change is always related to tense and the active or passive voice. Noun lexemes in English have a singular and plural form with suffixes –s, for example, shoe and shoes. Adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and other parts of speech generally have only one form in English.
♥Derivative♥
Derivative is a word formed from another by derivation.
It often involves the addition of a morpheme in the form of an affix. The affix can be separated into a prefix and a suffix. A prefix is a group of letters which are added to the beginning of a word to make another word, such as un- , dis- and so on. On the other hand, a suffix is a group of letters which are added to the end of a word, such as –ly, -ism and so on. Each of affix regularly has meaning as following lists.
【Lists of prefix and suffix】
Adapted from Learn English Grammar (prefixes)
Adapted from Learn English Grammar (prefixes)
*More detail......
(e.g.) A word reinterpretation can be separated into morphemes, such as re-interpret-ation.
♥Compound♥
This is made up of two or more words.
Compound is productive noun or adjective which is combined with some other words and spelled with spaces or hyphens. Here are examples:
The words tooth and paste are each nouns in their own right, but if you join them together they form a new word - toothpaste.
The word black is an adjective and board is a noun, but if you join them together they form a new word – blackboard (Learn English Free).
The first word modifies the second word, telling us what kind of thing it is.
【Example of compound】
Noun
|
+
|
Noun
|
toothpaste
| |
Adjective
|
+
|
Noun
|
monthly ticket
| |
Verb
|
+
|
Noun
|
swimming pool
| |
Preposition
|
+
|
Noun
|
underground
| |
Noun
|
+
|
Verb
|
haircut
| |
Noun
|
+
|
Preposition
|
hanger on
| |
Adjective
|
+
|
Verb
|
dry-cleaning
| |
Preposition
|
+
|
Verb
|
output
|
There are three main patterns of compounds. First is one two words are joined together for example, bed room and coffee shop. Second is a including a hyphen like fast-breeder and check in. Third is one appeared by two separate words, for example full score, full size, and silk screen.Thus, people are surrounded by lots of compounds.
♥Question to Consider♥
♡How many Primary Compound word can you find in your life?
♡How many compound patterns do you understand?
♡How many compound patterns do you understand?
♡Do you Know what does "ab-" mean?
♥Key Words♥
morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word. It cannot be decided into smaller meaningful parts.
lexeme: A unit of lexical meaning that exists regardless of the number of inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain.
apophony: Semantic vowel changes in a root that signal a morphological contrast; also refffered to as internal change.
allomorphs: Two or more instances of a given sign (morpheme) with different shapes; variants.
Compound: Noun or adjective which is combined with other words.
Works Consulted
Aronoff, Mark and Kirsten Fudeman. What is Morphology? Malden:
Blackwell Publishing, 2005.Print.
Blackwell Publishing, 2005.Print.
Francis, Katamba and John Stonham. Morphology. 2nd ed. Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillian, 2006. Print.
Palgrave Macmillian, 2006. Print.
Gray, Wood. All About Linguistics n.d. Web. 17 July. 2013.
Jean, Aitchison. Aitchison's linguistics. London: Teach Yourself, 2010. Print.
Learn English Free n.d. Web. 22 August. 2013.
<http://www.learnenglish.de>
Learn English Free n.d. Web. 22 August. 2013.
<http://www.learnenglish.de>
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